| |
1st Semester - Common topics
|
|
|
|
Cluster Number
|
Title of Topic
|
Lectures (Hours)
|
Credits
|
|
1.1
|
Applications
of Physics in Medicine: Mechanics
|
15 |
3 |
|
1.2
|
Applications
of Physics in Medicine: Electricity
|
10 |
|
2.1
|
Biology
and Biochemistry |
18 |
4 |
|
2.2
|
Anatomy
|
24 |
|
3.1
|
Physiology
and Pathophysiology
|
44 |
5 |
|
4.1
|
Quality
Management |
15 |
4 |
|
4.2
|
Research
Methodology |
15 |
|
5.1
|
Electronics
in Medicine |
16 |
4 |
|
5.2
|
Basics
on Signal Processing
|
16
|
| |
2nd Semester - Clinical Engineering
|
|
|
|
Cluster Number
|
Title of Topic
|
Lectures (Hours)
|
Credits
|
|
6.1
|
Tissue
Mechanics |
20 |
5 |
|
6.2
|
Biocompatible
Materials |
20 |
|
7.1
|
BMI
/ Biosensors |
12 |
6 |
|
7.2
|
BMI
/ Ultrasounds |
12 |
|
7.3
|
BMI
/ Life Support |
8
|
|
7.4
|
BMI
/ Active Implantable Devices
|
8
|
|
8.1
|
Medical
Imaging: Instrumentation & Measurements
|
15 |
5 |
|
8.2
|
Medical
Imaging: Image Processing
|
15 |
|
9.1
|
Measurement of
Non-Electrical Parameters in the Human Body |
15 |
4 |
|
9.2
|
Non-linear Biomechanics |
15 |
|
10.1
|
Biomedical
Signal Processing |
15 |
4 |
|
10.2
|
Pattern
Recognition |
15 |
|
11.1
|
Health
Care Telematics |
15 |
4 |
|
11.2
|
Neural
Networks |
15 |
|
12.1
|
Clinical
Engineering |
40 |
6 |
|
13.1
|
Health
Care Technology Assessment
|
40 |
6 |
TOPICS AIMS
AND OBJECTIVES
Being one
of the first topics of this Course, it is intended to provide a smooth
introduction from Physics to the applications of Physics and Engineering in
Medicine and particularly of Mechanics, to some functions of the human body,
in order to familiarise the students with this multidisciplinary field.
CONTENT
Introduction to Mechanics:
Physical Quantities and their Units Dimensional Analysis in Biology and
Medicine
Kinematics:
Definitions; Motion; Degrees of Kinematic Freedom Kinematics of Human
Joints; the hip and the knee joints
Statics
of Rigid Bodies:
Definitions; Laws of Equilibrium; Friction; Medical Applications
Statics
of Real Bodies:
Definitions; Material Testing; Stress-strain Tensile and Compression of
Bones Internal Pressure and Wall Tension in Vessels Bending and Shear
Medical Applications; Bending and Twisting Fractures
Statics
of Fluids:
Definitions and Laws Pressure versus Depth in water; Physiology of sea
Diving Pressure versus Height in air; Physiology of Ascending at High
Altitudes Pressure Measurement; Pressures in the Blood, Brain, Eyes,
Gastrointestinal System and Bladder; Surface Tension
Dynamics:
Definitions; The Three Laws of Newton Fundamental and Derived Forces
Applications in Medicine Effect of Body Posture and Motions on the Ear
Physiological Effects of Vibrations and Accelerations; Free fall in Space,
Momentum; Movement of Centre of Mass; Athletic Applications of Impulse and
Impact; Falls; Car Accidents Conservation of Mechanical Energy; High Jumping
Dynamics
of Fluids:
Ideal Fluids; Law of continuity; Law of Bernoulli; Applications Newtonian
Fluids; Law of Poiseuille; Reynold's Number Non-Newtonian Fluids; Blood: its
components and its Flow in the Vessels; Blood Viscosity
PRACTICALS
Testing of
Several Materials in Tension, Compression, Bending and Twisting, as well as
in Fatigue Testing, Compound materials Thermal effects
EXAM
REQUIREMENTS
Knowledge
of the basic physical principles Applications to medical problems related to
Orthopeadics, Athletics, Sports, Aviation etc.
ASSESSMENT
Written
exam.
PREREQUISITES
Knowledge
of basic Physics and Mathematics, Basic principles of Electricity
|
Title: |
Applications of Physics in Medicine -
Electronics |
|
Teaching Staff: |
Th. Deliyannis |
|
Institution: |
University of Patras, Greece |
TOPICS AIMS
AND OBJECTIVES
Starting
from the familiar principles of Electricity, the student is introduced to
the applications of electricity in Medicine Namely: the production,
transmission, measurement and processing of biosignals as well as the
external and internal applications of electricity to the human body
CONTENT
Nerve
conduction: Nerve cells Resistance and capacitance of axon Ionic
concentrations Resting potential Nernst equation Sodium - Potassium Pump
Response to weak stimuli Action potential,
Electromyogram, Electrocardiogram,
Defibrillators Pacemakers,
Electroencephalogram, Electroretinogram and Electrooculogram, Evoked
Potentials, Magnetocardiogram, magneto-encephalogram.
PRACTICALS
Testing of
Several Materials in Tension, Compression, Bending and Twisting, as well as
in Fatigue Testing, Compound materials Thermal effects
Electricity:
Demonstration in the Hospital of equipment and application on patients
and/or students of ECG, EMG, EEG and Evoked Potentials
EXAM
REQUIREMENTS
Understanding of the applications of Electricity in Medicine based on the
content of the Notes given to the student
ASSESSMENT
Written
exam.
PREREQUISITES
Knowledge
of basic Physics and Mathematics, Basic principles of Electricity
BIBLIOGRAPHY
- B.
Proimos, Mechanics in Medicine, University of Patras, 1997, distributed
- B.
Proimos, Electricity in Medicine, University of Patras, distributed
- John
R Cameron, Intermediate Physics Books; “Medical Physics”, A Wiley-Interscience,
1978
- Kane
and Sterheim,“Physics SI version”, J Wiley and Sons, Inc, 1980
CONTENT
Organization of the Cell, Structure and function of the plasma membrane and
Cellular organelles Diversity of cell types, Differentiation, Cellular
communication, Information flow in the cell, DNA-RNA protein, Structure and
organization of the genetic material in eukaryotes, Mutations, genetic
variability, DNA repair mechanisms, Mutagens and Carcinogenes Cell Cycle,
Phases of cell cycle, chromosome structure and function, cell divisions,
basic genetics, chromosome aberrations, cytogenetics
Protein
structure and function
Introduction to Enzymes
Bioenergetics
Generation
and Storage of Metabolic Energy
Glycolysis
Citric Acid
Cycle
Oxidative
Phosphorylation
Pentose
Phosphate Pathway and Glyconeogenesis
Fatty acid
Metabolism
Animoacid
Degradation and the Urea Cycle
Genetic
Information: Storage, Transmission and Expression
DNA
structure and replication
RNA
Synthesis
Protein
Synthesis
PRACTICALS
The
Electrophoretic separation of Serum Proteins
Enzymatic
Determination of Blood Glucose and Urea
ASSESSMENT
Written
exam.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Lectures
notes distributed
|
Title: |
Anatomy |
|
Teaching Staff: |
K. Gyftopoulos |
|
Institution: |
University of Patras, Greece |
OBJECTIVES
To acquire
basic knowledge of human anatomy in order to facilitate communication with
medical staff and better understanding of the technology used
CONTENT
(TOPICS & AIMS)
·
Introduction and Terminology, Structural Plan of the Human Body, Form,
structure, parts and posture Structure and function, Levels of structural
organization Levels of functional organization (specialization at the
cellular level, formation of organs and organ systems) Basic terminology
·
The
Cellular and Tissue Level of Organization, Cell structure and function
Embryological approach to differentiation, Tissue of the human body,
·
The Organ
Systems, The integumentary system Basic structure and functions, Mechanical
and electrical properties. Permeability, reaction to injury
·
The
Skeletal System, Basic structure and function Bones and bone growth
Articulations, Kinesiology Mechanical axis of a bone. Osteology and
radiological anatomy, The Muscular System, Basic structure and function.
Kinesiology - Myology
·
The Nervous
System. Basic structure and function. The neuron. Receptors and effectors
Neuronal circuits Reflexes The muscular tone Peripheral nerves, spinal cord
brain Sensory, motor and integrative systems.
·
The
endocrine system.
·
The heart
and the cardiovascular system. Anatomy of the heart. The major vessels.
Principles of circulation. Regulation of blood pressure.
·
The vessels
- blood and lymphatic. The immune system.
·
The
respiratory system. The pleural cavity and the lungs. Mechanics of
respiration.
·
The
digestive system. Anatomy of the oral cavity, the oesophagus, the stomach,
the duodenum, the small and large intestine. Glands of the digestive system
(liver, pancreas).
·
The urinary
system. The kidneys. Physiology of urine production. The ureters. Disorders
in peristalsis (eg colic). The lower urinary system (bladder, urethra,
prostate).
·
The
reproductive system. Male and female genital system. Functional anatomy
–erectile function. The reproductive function. Hormonal influence on the
genital system.
PRACTICALS
Practicals
at the Laboratory of Anatomy on Microscopy and Topographical Anatomy, with
the aid of plastic functional models and real anatomic material. (Depending
on No of students).
ASSESSMENT
Written
exam.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Lecture
notes distributed
CONTENT
General
Physiology: Properties of living systems Cell theory Energetics Biologic
transport
Excitability and synaptic transmission in nerve and muscle cells:
characteristics and molecular mechanisms Muscular contraction Automatic
nervous system Blood
Heart and
circulation: Cardiac cycle Electric conduction Electrocardiography
Heart and
circulation: Blood vessels Fluid exchange across capillaries Blood pressure
Respiratory
mechanics Respiratory volumes Gas exchange, the lung
O2 transport
CO2 transport Control of
respiration
Kidney,
salt and water balance
Nutrition
and Digestion Hormonal control
Neural
coding of information Sensory and motor integration by the nervous system
Spinal reflexes
Special
senses Arousal
Neural
basis of behaviour
Electroencephalography
PRACTICALS
Through
computer simulations the students study the properties and ionic mechanisms
underlying nerve action potent generation and conduction
Physiological basis and equipment used in electroencephalography and in
electromyography
ASSESSMENT
Written
exam.
PREREQUISITES
Basic
knowledge of human anatomy
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Color Atlas
of Physiology A. Despopoulos + S Silbernagl Thieme, 1986, 3rd Ed
(or more recent), distributed
|
Title: |
Quality Management |
|
Teaching Staff: |
F. Krokos |
|
Institution: |
Hellenic Organization for Standardization (ELOT), Greece |
TOPICS AIMS
AND OBJECTIVES
To
develop skills in a broad base of activities that could be used in a
future career.
At the end
of the course the student should be;
-
Able to
work effectively within project teams in a professional manner
-
Aware of
ethics and safety in biomedical practice
-
Able to
obtain, evaluate and utilize resource material
-
Able to
analyze, synthesize and communicate results
CONTENT
Quality
management
- Basic
principles of Quality management
-
Tools and
methods for quality improvement
-
Teams and
team work
- Basic
principles of risk management
- Basic
principles and role of standardization
- The
technical infrastructure model (certification, accreditation, peer
assessment)
Library
Skills
-
Information
retrieval for both research and routine clinical work.
-
Methods
for critical review of large amounts of information.
-
Electronic
and manual methods of library searching
-
Techniques
and methods for oral presentations
-
Structure
of written reports
-
Project
planning
ASSESSMENT
Assessment
is aimed at verifying acquisition of the above skills, by evaluating a
project performed in teams. This assessment is based on the written project
report submitted by the project team, an oral presentation and an
interview.
|
Title: |
Electronics
in Medicine |
|
Teaching Staff: |
Th.
Deliyannis |
|
Institution: |
University of
Patras, Greece |
TOPICS AIMS
AND OBJECTIVES
To review
the basic amplifier applications and in particular those of the operational
amplifier in the design of instrumentation amplifiers, active filters etc.
To review the generation and reduction of noise in electronic medical
instrumentation. To introduce the basic combinatorial and sequential digital
circuits.
CONTENT
Biomedical
signals and their features Review of basic amplifier topologies: DC,
differential and the operational amplifier Real world operational amplifiers
Applications of the operational amplifiers, linear and nonlinear. Isolation
amplifiers Instrumentation amplifiers Noise in Biomedical systems Noise
reduction. Interfacing to digital systems. Introduction to digital
Electronics, combinatorial and sequential.
PRACTICALS
Two 2-hour
experimental work a) on Operational Amplifiers and b)on Basic Combinatorial
and Sequential Circuits.
EXAM
REQUIREMENTS
The
students will be required to know to design simple electronic circuits using
operational amplifiers useful in amplifying biomedical signals without
excessive increase in their noise content. Also to simplify logic functions
and implement them using logic gates.
ASSESSMENT
Written
exam.
PREREQUISITES
Basic
Electronics
BIBLIOGRAPHY
-
Norman: “Principles of Bioinstrumentation” J Wiley & Sons, 1988
-
Gayakwad: “Op-amps and Linear Integrated Circuits”, Prentice Hall, 1993
-
Millman and Grabel “Microelectronics” McGraw-Hill, 1989
-
Handout notes prepared by the teacher
TOPICS AIMS
AND OBJECTIVES
Signal
Processing, and more specifically Digital Signal Processing (DSP), has
already moved from being a specialist research topic to one with practical
applications in many disciplines. Biomedical engineering is one of them. The
course aims to serve the needs of an introductory overview of the major DSP
concepts. The approach does not assume any expertise in electronics,
computing and data processing Heavy mathematical derivations are avoided.
Instead, a reasonably practical account of DSP is given, pointing out some
of the main problems and pitfalls and showing how to interpret the results
of signal processing
CONTENT
-
Introduction: (The scope of DSP / Sampling / ADC / DAC/ Basic types of
digital signals / Digital processors)
- The
Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) Algorithms
(Definition and properties of the DFT / FFT algorithms / Fast convolution /
Windowing)
- The
z-Transform: (Definition and properties / z-plane poles and zeros / Transfer
functions)
- Digital
Filter Design: (The graphical approach / FIR digital filter design / IIR
digital filter design)
-
Additional concepts on DSP: (Adaptive digital filters / Random signals /
General - and special - purpose hardware for DSP)
ASSESSMENT
Written
exam.
PREREQUISITES
The primary
prerequisites are a basic background in calculus and the ability to
manipulate complex numbers
BIBLIOGRAPHY
- D
Strum and D E Kirk: “First Principles of Discrete Systems and Digital Signal
Processing”, Addisson-Wesley Publishing Company, 1988
- A
Lynn and W Fuerst: “Introductory Digital Signal Processing with Computer
Applications”, John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 1989
- C
Ifeachor and B W Jervis: “Digital Signal Processing: A Practical Approach”,
Addisson-Wesley Publishing Company, 1993
|
Title: |
Tissue
Mechanics |
|
Teaching Staff: |
J.C. Barbenel |
|
Institution: |
University of
Strathclyde, UK |
TOPICS AIMS
AND OBJECTIVES
To provide
a descriptive overview of the mechanical properties of selected body tissues
and the interrelationship between these properties and the composition and
the structure of the tissues considered. Linear viscoelastic theory will be
explored for applications to linear body tissues (eg bone), polymers and
soft tissues
CONTENT
Viscoelasticity:
Experimental behavior - stress relaxation, creep Modeling experimental
behaviour; spring and dashpot models Quantitative description of
viscoelastic parameters and their interrelation; dynamic behavior.
Non-linearity.
Bone:
The structure and mechanical properties of cortical and cancerous bone,
anisotropy, plastic and viscoelastic properties of bone, age variations,
site variations, osteoporosis
Soft
Connective Tissues:
an overview of the non linear and time dependent mechanical properties of
the soft connective tissues as exemplified by skin, pericardium, tendon,
ligament and articular cartilage Structure and composition of the tissues
Structure and mechanical properties of the tissue components - collagen,
elastin, GAG. The relationship between tissue structure and compositions and
gross mechanical properties. Mathematical description of mechanical
properties, quasi linear behavior and applications to the description of
stress and relaxation.
Clinical applications.
ASSESSMENT
Written
exam. The topic will be examined with Biocompatible Materials (See below).
PREREQUISITES
Knowledge
of the mechanics of deformable bodies
BIBLIOGRAPHY
-
Lecture notes by JC Barbenel,
- Fung
Y C “Biomechanics - Mechanical properties of living tissue” Springer Verlag
TOPICS AIMS
AND OBJECTIVES
An
introduction to the materials currently used as implants or biomedical
devices. The emphasis is on physical properties, fabrication of devices and
biocompatibility.
An
introduction to their applications in surgery and medicine and the problems
experienced in their use
CONTENT
Materials
used in biomedical devices:
metals, ceramics, polymers/plastics and composites.
Stiffness
and strength:
Stress-strain response, plasticity. Structure and mechanical properties of
composites. Fracture mechanics.
Metals:
Mechanical properties of Stainless steel, cobalt-chromium and titanium.
Clinical
applications and fabrication of devices. Friction. Corrosion.
Ceramics:
Mechanical properties of alumina and zirconia. Clinical applications and
fabrication of devices. Resorbable ceramics, bioceramics and bioglasses.
Polymers
and plastics:
Outline of
chemistry of polymers and polymerization.
Examples of
clinical applications as external and implanted devices.
Bio- and
haemo-compatibility:
Importance and introduction of methods of Assessment and measurement.
Clinical
examples:
Hip
replacement will be discussed in detail. Development of the Charnley hip
based on Metal/plastic/bone cement; expected performance, limitations
alternatives eg cementless prostheses. Case study of failure, 3M Capital
system. Other devices.
Tissue
engineering:
Introduction to concepts, including hybrid organs.
PRACTICALS
None, but
students will research a specified topic and make a group presentation.
ASSESSMENT
There will
be a 2.5 hour open book written examination for the cluster consisting of
Tissue mechanics and Biocompatible materials.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
- Lecture
notes by JC Barbenel,
- Park, J.B
and Lakes, R.S. “Biomaterials: an introduction” Plenum Press.
|
Title: |
BMI / Biosensors
|
|
Teaching Staff: |
R. Puers |
|
Institution: |
University of Leuven, Belgium |
TOPICS AIM AND OBJECTIVES
The course focuses on the typical aspects of biomedical sensing and
stimulation and its instrumentation. A major part of the course is dedicated
to the sensors and their specific requirements for use in biomedical
applications, especially implants. It aims at giving the students an insight
in what sensors are best suited to particular applications and how to deal
with the data
CONTENT
Sensors for biomedical applications: Sensor principles and
transducers phenomena, Mechanical sensors, strain sensing, pressure sensors,
accelerometers, Silicon micromachining techniques, Temperature, photo and
magnetic sensors, Biochemical sensors: dissolved oxygen, glucose, ureum.
Signal processing techniques: TCO, TCS and its compensation
Bioelectric potentials and stimulation techniques: Biopotentials:
ECG, EMG, EEG, Measurement techniques, the right leg drive, Stimulation
principles, Biomedical stimulation: nerves, muscles, cochlea, heart, Safety:
norms for current limits in the human body, isolation aspects
Implantable electronic systems: Biotelemetry: specific requirements,
Examples of active and passive telemetry systems, The intelligent biomedical
implants: adding programmability
PRACTICALS
Some of the circuits are being discussed in detail Basic knowledge on
amplifiers is given additionally to fulfill the needs of the students.
Several biotelemetry systems are being developed in the sessions, with the
emphasis on using the course material to build the systems together
(theoretically). The systems have been realized in the past, so students can
verify how close their design comes to what is actually developed and used
EXAM REQUIREMENTS
Understanding the basic ideas of the course and to be able to make a
comparison between the different principles discussed No formulas or
expressions must be known by heart, but the more they should be understood
Students must be able to explain the working principles of the systems and
to point to the rationale behind them
ASSESSMENT
Written examination, usually with an open book (closed book if students
decide so unanimously). The questions aim to judge for the student’s insight
in the material and to check for his capability to situate the material in a
broader perspective
PREREQUISITES
Basic knowledge on physics and chemistry Elementary knowledge on analog and
digital circuits
BIBLIOGRAPHY
- Lecture notes on Microelectronics and Biosensors, distributed
- Puers and Sansen, Medical Instrumentation, Webster, Houghton Mifflin Co,
1978
|
Title: |
BMI / Ultrasounds |
|
Teaching Staff: |
Th. Misaridis |
|
Institution: |
National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) |
TOPICS AIMS
AND OBJECTIVES
To
introduce the students to the basics of medical ultrasound
CONTENT
Ultrasound
Imaging:
Description of current ultrasound systems, transducer technology,
instrument’ s block diagrams; array imaging concepts; ultrasonic scanning
modes (A, B, M); Doppler methods (CW, PW); duplex/triplex scanning; color
Doppler methods – to grasp basic operation procedures for anatomical and
blood flow imaging. Background concepts of imaging parameters; axial and
lateral resolution
Physics of
Ultrasound:
Ultrasound waves, physical laws, ultrasound-tissue interaction, acoustic
wave equations, spherical wave solution, propagation as a linear
spatio-temporal fiter, point spread function, diffraction theory.
Image
formation:
Fresnel and Fraunhofer appproxiations; far-field of array transducers; beam
focusing and steering; delay and sum beamforming; pulsed wave fields;
Advanced
topics:
blood flow estimation algorithms, compound imaging, coded excitation.
Demonstrations:
simulations of acoustic propagation, clinical 3D fetal imaging, presentation
of a commercial system and its operating software, movies
PRACTICALS
Demonstration of clinical diagnostic ultrasound at the Radiology Department
of the University Hospital. Abdominal and cardiac ultrasound procedures.
ASSESSMENT
Written
examination with open books, 1 ½ hour.
PREREQUISITES
Knowledge
of signal processing and basic physics
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Full
lecture notes, containing bibliography of most important and recent books,
distributed
|
Title: |
BMI / Life Support |
|
Teaching Staff: |
K. Filos |
|
Institution: |
University of Patras, Greece |
TOPICS AIMS
AND OBJECTIVES
CONTENT
What is
patient monitoring? Monitoring as a closed loop process
Measurement
errors Measurement risk Influence of the therapy
Monitoring
in the Coronary Care Unit, Intensive Care Unit and in Operating Room
Measuring
as a problem Errors and risks in monitoring. The optimal set
Measurement
disturbance caused by equipment Artifacts Signal validation
Measurement
systems Transducers Signal Processing Display methods
Interpretation of the measurements required medical knowledge Alarms
Monitoring
the circulation monitoring the respiration
PRACTICALS
Subject:
selection/design of a monitoring system
1 Selection
of a physiological function to be monitored in a patient in an intensive
care unit or operating room Signs and symptoms of adequate and inadequate
function Inventory of measurement methods and techniques
2 Selection
of problems to monitor and best set of measurements Inventory of measurement
problems, risks and disturbances by other equipment Construction and
analysis of a monitoring system for the selected function
ASSESSMENT
Written
exam.
PREREQUISITES
Basic
knowledge of Biology, Anatomy, Physiology, Human Disease, Measurement of
Electrical Parameters and Measurements of Non-electrical Parameters as
provided by the corresponding topics of this course
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Lecture
notes distributed
TOPICS AIMS
AND OBJECTIVES
Starting
from general physical concepts and digital signal processing principles, the
medical imaging instrumentation used in radiology, nuclear medicine and
magnetic resonance imaging is explained. The main emphasis of the course
goes towards tomographic imaging and image formation models. Understanding
the origin of the typical image artifacts due to the model imperfections,
learning the intrinsic properties and limitations of medical imaging
modalities and getting an insight in the factors affecting image quality are
some main objectives of the course.
CONTENT
Medical
Imaging Techniques: physical principles, image formation, instrumentation.
Nuclear
medicine:
Physical principles (mechanisms of photon production, interactions
photon-material); Instrumentation (collimators, detectors, gamma camera, PET
image reconstruction, SPECT).
Radiology:
Image formation in conventional radiology (basic model); Production of
X-rays; Spectrum of X-rays, CT scanners, Reconstruction of images
(mathematical framework, reconstruction algorithms, reconstruction
artifacts), 3D Imaging: Spiral CT, Visualisation of CT-scans.
Magnetic
Resonance - MRI:
Physical principles, Image formation (spatial encoding, slice selection,
frequency and phase encoding, signal detection, Fourier reconstruction).
EXAM
REQUIREMENTS
Understanding the working principles behind the medical image formation
systems, understanding the trade-offs in performance in the various
instruments.
ASSESSMENT
Written
examination. Questions about the course, no exercises.
Exam
duration: 2h.
Mainly the
understanding of concepts will be tested. The relative importance of the
technical and mathematical derivations will be pointed out during the
lectures.
PREREQUISITES
Basics of
signal theory; one dimensional digital signal processing; general physics;
linear algebra; notions of numerical analysis
BIBLIOGRAPHY
- Zangh-Hee
Cho, Manbir Singh, Joie P Jones, Foundations of Medical Imaging, John Wiley
and Sons, 1993
- Perry
Sprawls, Jr., Physical Principles of Medical Imaging, Second Edition,
Medical Physics Publishing Madison, Wisconsin, 1995
- A.
Rosenfeld and A. Kak, Digital Picture Processing (2nd Ed), Vol 1
and 2, 1982
- Jan
Cornelis, An Introduction to Medical Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Second
Edition), VUB Press, 1998
- Zhi-Pei
Liang, P. C. Lauterbur, Principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, A Signal
Processing Perspective, IEEE Press, 2000
- Hong Yan,
Signal Processing for Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy, Marcel
Dekker, Inc., New York, 2002
TOPIC AIMS
AND OBJECTIVES
Revealing
the main aspects of the Digital Image Processing. Introducing MATLAB for
image processing. Provoking the students to solve practical problems.
Attention is focused on application to medical images.
CONTENT
Introduction
Image
formation: Acquisition, Resolution, Distortions, Noise
Spatial
Transformations: Interpolation, Affine transformations, Image Registration
Image
Transforms: Fourier, DCT, Wavelets, Hough, Radon
Image
Enhancement: Intensity adjustment, Filtering, Noise removal
Image
Analysis: Detecting edges, Detecting lines, Quad tree decomposition
Morphology
PRACTICALS
Implementation of a number of image processing techniques applied to medical
images: Affine transformations, Fourier transform, Linear filtering (in the
spatial and the frequency domain), Median filtering, Histogram equalization,
Lookup Tables, Edge detection and morphological operations.
EXAM
REQUIREMENTS
Good
knowledge of the discussed topics
ASSESMENT
Written
examination without access to the course notes
PREREQUISITES
Knowledge
of 1D digital signal processing, vector spaces, matrix algebra is compulsory
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. RE
Gonzalez, Woods, Digital Image Processing, Addison-Wesley 1993
2.
Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing, Anil K. Jain, Prentice Hall, 1989
3. C.T.
Badea, Lecture notes
TOPICS
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
CONTENT
Part I THE
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
·
An outline
of the circulatory system
·
Hemodynamics
·
Measurement
of blood pressure
·
Measurement
of blood flow and blow velocity
Part II – THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
· An introduction to the respiratory system
· Models of the respiratory system
· Measurement of lung volumes and air flow
· Measurement of concentration of respiratory gases
· Measurement of oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood
ASSESSMENT
Written
exam.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
CD-ROM and
book
CONTENT
Dynamic
multi-link modelling:
Basic
principles for the essential modelling of total body dynamics during the
execution of daily living motor tasks.
Skeletal
muscle:
Structure
and function Activation mechanisms. Force-length-velocity relationship.
Hemodynamic
in large vessels:
A number of
central results obtained by sophisticated models of hemodynamics in both
large arteries and microvessels are discussed by a combination of a little
rigor and a lot of intuition. Between these: fluid-vessel interaction,
convective accelerations, propagation phenomena, velocity profiles, vascular
grafts, stenosis hemodynamics
Non linear
system dynamics:
Basic
principles Equilibrium and stability. Linearization Phase plane and
trajectory Hysteresis cycle. Autooscillations. Examples of modelling of some
physiological reflex by active non-linear feedback
PRACTICALS
Computer
simulation
EXAM
REQUIREMENTS
The
expected gain for the students is to acquire sensitivity in modelling
biomechanical systems starting from basic knowledge and measured data.
Understanding the basic methods to analyse the dynamic behaviour of a simple
non-linear model of a given biological system Insight the basic principles
on skeletal muscle. The use of computer simulation is a necessary complement
to the theoretical part of the course
TOPICS AIMS
AND OBJECTIVES
To give
some basic concepts of the theory and practice of mathematical modelling of
biomechanical systems. To introduce the student to the notions of feedback,
equilibrium and stability as well as of hysteresis cycle and
auto-oscillation. To give a short description and significant references of
the modelling approaches used. To give some examples on biomechanical system
behaviour developed either theoretically or by computer simulation
ASSESSMENT
Written
exam.
PREREQUISITES
The student
should understand the basic elements of deferential equations and matrix
theory at an undergraduate calculus course level. Biological modelling
requires knowledge of first-year concepts. Basic knowledge on frequency
response and Laplace transform would help
BIBLIOGRAPHY
- Handouts
-
Mathematics for dynamic modelling Edward Beltrami, Academic Press, Inc,
London, 1987
-
Biomechanics of the muscolo-skeletal system BM Niggo, W Herzog, Wiley, 1995
- Bio-fluid
mechanics, H Power, Computational Mechanics Publications, Southampton, UK,
1995
TOPICS AIMS
AND OBJECTIVES
This course
presents the application of the main signal processing tools to the analysis
of biomedical signals. It shows how clinically relevant information can be
extracted from these signals. The processing techniques will be illustrated
with examples of their application in the analysis of the electrocardiogram
(ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG), evoked potentials (EP), heart rate
variability (HRV) and other signals.
CONTENT
- Introduction: Objectives of biomedical signal analysis.
- ECG
processing and time-domain analysis.
- EEG
processing and frequency-domain analysis.
- EP
processing and time-scale analysis.
- HRV
processing and advanced processing techniques
-
Brain activity maps
PRACTICALS
An
important part of the course will be the exercises with a personal computer.
Using a signal processing tool (like Matlab), the students can apply the
concepts seen in the theory to real signals, having the opportunity to
explore by themselves the potentials and limitations of the methods
proposed.
EXAM
REQUIREMENT
Understanding of the basic methods presented in the course and their
possibilities and limitations
ASSESSMENT
Written
examination without books or notes. Several questions to assess the
understanding of the general principles behind biomedical signal processing:
aims and objectives, methods, trade-offs, etc
PREREQUISITES
Basics on
Signal Processing
Biomedical
Signals
BIBLIOGRAPHY
-
Lecture notes, distributed
- E. C.
Ifeachor, B.W. Jervis. Digital Signal Processing. A Practical Approach.
Addison-Wesley, 1993
- E. N.
Bruce. Biomedical Signal Processing and Signal Modeling. Wiley. 2001.
- R.B.
Northrop. Noninvasive Instrumentation and Measurement in Medical Diagnosis.
CRC Press, 2002.
- L.
Sörnmo, P. Laguna. Bioelectrical Signal Processing in Cardiac and
Neurological Applications. Elsevier, 2005.
|
Title: |
Pattern Recognition |
|
Teaching Staff: |
E. Nyssen |
|
Institution: |
Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium |
TOPICS AIMS
AND OBJECTIVES
This course
is conceived as a compact introduction to the concepts and techniques of
Pattern Recognition. It introduces and illustrates the main problems of
feature extraction and the design of pattern classifiers and their
evaluation. The techniques, discussed during the lectures illustrate the
notions of supervised and non-supervised design and the deterministic and
statistical approaches (emphasizing the latter).
CONTENT
Basic
statistical concepts used in Pattern Recognition, introduction,
deterministic techniques for the design of decision functions, Bayesian
classification, linear and quadratic discriminant analysis, Fisher's
two-class discriminant function, non-parametric techniques based on the
approximation of probability density functions, feature extraction based on
the Karhunen-Loeve transform, evaluation of pattern classifiers including
testing the significance of classification efficiency.
PRACTICALS
The
practicals illustrate the application of pattern recognition techniques,
discussed during the lectures.
EXAM
REQUIREMENTS
Understanding of the course material and capability to solve problems on
basis of it.
ASSESSMENT
Written
examination, Duration: 1:30h for answering 5 questions; 2 points per
question There is no restriction on the use of course material, notes,
tables, calculators and supplementary documentation (eg books).
PREREQUISITES
Linear
algebra: vector and matrix manipulations (including solving linear
equations, matrix inversion and solving eigenvalue problems), calculus of
integration, probability theory, statistics (including the estimation of
population parameters and testing of statistical hypotheses).
BIBLIOGRAPHY
-
Richard O. Duda and C Peter E. Hart, Pattern classification and scene
analysis, Wiley, New York, 1973;
- T
Tou Julius and C Raphael Gonzales, Pattern Recognition Principles,
Addison Wesley Publishing Company, 1979;
-
Sidney Siegel, Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioural Sciences,
Intl Student Edition, 1956.
|
Title: |
Health Care Telematics |
|
Teaching Staff: |
D. Koutsouris |
|
Institution: |
National Technical University of Athens, Greece |
TOPICS AIMS
AND OBJECTIVES
To
introduce to biomedical engineers the basics concepts related to medical
informatics, health informatics and telemedicine applications. Health care
delivery systems all around the world are under reforms taking into account
the population demographics, financial possibilities and the desire for
active participation in the process of care/prevention by the
patients/citizens. The emerging scenarios focus at ensuring a “continuity
for care” for the citizens by establishing a health information
infrastructure. In other words, linking the traditional centres of care
(hospitals, primary care centres, labs pharmacies) as well as homes of
people. The enabling technologies and systems mechanisms for scenarios of
continuity of care are the electronic health record systems, regional health
networks and telemedicine applications such as homecare monitoring and
support systems. The course focuses on issues related to these technologies
and applications, namely development, standardization, and implementation
and user acceptance.
CONTENT
Introduction to medical informatics and health telematics; research,
development and standardization issues related to electronic health records;
implementation challenges to health information systems; telemedicine
technologies and applications for doctor to doctor scenarios as well as home
monitoring; introduction to human computer interaction technologies and
concepts and explanation of the critical role these technologies play in
user acceptance and user friendliness of the health information systems.
EXAM
REQUIREMENTS
Overview of
the medical informatics and health telematics area, understanding of the
basic concepts related to computer science and telecommunications,
understanding of the structure and functions of health information systems.
ASSESSMENT
Written
exam.
PREREQUISITES
Depending
on the preselected topic (e.g. ultrasound technologies, speech recognition
technologies, biosignal processing, security, HER architecture etc)
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Lecture notes distributed in electronic format.
|
Title: |
Neural Networks |
|
Teaching Staff: |
P. Cristea |
|
Institution: |
"Politehnica" University of Bucharest, Romania |
TOPICS AIMS
AND OBJECTIVES
Introduction to the connectionist approach at the engineering level in
comparison with the conventional software. Presentation of the training
paradigm as a way to storing data and knowledge in neural networks
Illustration with examples of applications. New trends in research.
CONTENT
Learning
Systems:
Expert Systems vs. Learning Systems, The Connectionist Approach,
Conventional Software vs. Artificial Neural Networks, Comparative view:
Statistics-Applied Mathematics-ANN, Biological Neurons and Artificial
Neural Networks: Neuron Models, Mc Culloch-Pitts Neuron Model,
Rosenblatt and Bipolar Sigmoids, Fukushima Model.
Artificial
Neural Networks Architecture:
Feedforward
Networks, Recursive Networks, Locally Connected Networks, Cellular Neural
Networks, Implementation of Logical Functions with the Perceptron, Linear
Separability Hidden Layers Feature Extraction.
Methods of
Establishing the Weights of the Connections in an ANN:
Direct Analysis of the Error Functions, Computational Approach, Learning
Paradigms: Hebb’s Law, Organization of the Behaviour, Convergence,
Stability, Supervised and Unsupervised Training.
Training
Procedures-Learning Rules
Amari General Rule, Hebbian Rule, Rosenblatt Rule, Delta Learning Rule (Mc
Clelland and Rumelhart), Adaline Learning Rule (Windrow and Hoff),
Convergence of Learning Procedures, Optimum Learning Factor.
Back
propagation Training Algorithm:
Single Layer Network, Three Layers Feedforward Network, “On the flow” vs.
Batch Training, Momentum Updating (Rumelhart and Mc Clelland), Non Euclidean
Error Measures (Logistic, Huber’s, Talvar’s, Hampel’s Functions), Speeding
up of BP Algorithm.
Computing
Weights:
Penrose-Moore Generalized Inverse, Using NN for Solving Linear and
Non Linear Sets of Equations, Constraints Optimization Problems. Cascade
Correlation Networks.
Hopfield
Networks:
Content Addressable Memories, Dynamics of NN, Establishing the weights by
Problem Analysis, The Queens Problem, Traveling Salesman Problem,
Bi-directional Associative Memoirs, Boltzman Machine.
Unsupervised Learning for Classifiers:
Self Organizing Maps, Concurential Learning, Kohonen NN, Applications in
Phoneme Recognition, Belief Networks.
Third
generation NN,
Spiking neurons.
Knowledge
eliciting.
EXAM
REQUIREMENTS
Working,
Understanding of the principles of Neural Networks as an alternative
approach to conventional software
ASSESSMENT
Written
examination of one hour duration Questions about theoretical aspects of the
course and short problems
PREREQUISITES
Linear
Algebra, Fundaments of Programming Languages, Elementary Electronics
BIBLIOGRAPHY
-
Simon Haykin-Neural Networks A Comprehensive Foundation - Mac Millan College
Publishing Company, 1994
-
Martin T-Hagan, Howard B Demuth, Mark Beale, Neural Network Design,
International Thomson Publishing Company, Boston 1996
|
Title: |
Clinical Engineering |
|
Teaching Staff: |
N
Pallikarakis, Z. Bliznakov, E. Valchinov |
|
Institution: |
University of Patras, Greece |
TOPICS
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
Ôo
introduce biomedical engineers in the branch of clinical engineering.
Clinical Engineering departments in modern hospitals are playing a very
important role concerning safe and cost effective use of medical equipment.
Tasks covered by clinical engineers today include, maintenance, quality
control, safety and risk management, contacts follow-up, user training for a
comprehensive management of biomedical technology from procurement to
replacement. The objective is students to learn what clinical engineering is
dealing with, tools and methods applied for effective management of medical
equipment’s and be aware of related activities world-wide such as:
normalisation, assessment communication and access to information
certification, quality assurance and accreditation
CONTENT
Introduction to biomedical technology, Clinical Engineering Tasks,
Management of Biomedical Equipment, Regulations and Standards, Risk
Management and Vigilance Systems, Quality Assurance, Information sources
PRACTICALS
-
Demonstration and hand on experience to modern telematic tools for
management of medical equipment by clinical engineering departments
-
Information exchange
-
Retrieval of legal and technical texts
-
Quality assurance team work
EXAM
REQUIREMENTS
Overview
knowledge of the activities, tasks and responsibilities of clinical
engineers and their role in today’s hospital Understanding of the methods
and tools applied to fulfil this job requirements. Understanding of safety
and risk management principles and practices. Understanding the basics of
Quality systems and its application in the clinical engineering departments
ASSESSMENT
Written
exam and project.
PREREQUISITES
General
knowledge on the organization structure of the hospitals Electricity, basic
electronics
BIBLIOGRAPHY
- J
Bronzino (ed) Management of Medical Technology, Butterworth - Heinemann,
1992
-
Feinberg, Applied Clinical Engineering, Prentice-Hall, 1986
-
Webster, A Cook (eds) Clinical Engineering Principles and Practices,
Prentice-Hall, 1979
TOPICS
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
CONTENT
·
Economic evaluation in health care
·
Health care technology: why evaluate?
·
Basic determinants of a good health care system
·
Estimation of efficiency in health care
·
Assumptions behind all evaluation
·
Efficacy and Effectiveness
·
Quality-of-life
ASSESSMENT
Project
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Lecture
notes distributed.